Tronox’s Namakwa Sands operations are located on the western cape of South Africa. Namakwa employees use dry mining techniques and upgrade heavy minerals to produce titanium dioxide feedstock suitable for both the chloride and sulphate TiO₂ processes. Namakwa Sands also produces zircon, rutile, and pig iron. The operation begins with an open-pit mine and concentration plants at Brand-se-Baai, about 385km north of Cape Town. Once Tronox has separated the ore into ilmenite, natural rutile, and zircon, rail trucks transport the products 270km to our Smelter at Saldanha Bay.